Which organ system is most commonly affected by NSAID-related adverse effects such as ulcers and bleeding risk mentioned for dental patients?

• A. Gastrointestinal tract
• B. Cardiovascular system
• C. Renal system
• D. Pulmonary system

Answer: (A)

NSAIDs reduce protective gastric prostaglandins by inhibiting COX enzymes, which weakens the stomach’s mucosal defenses. This makes the gastrointestinal lining more prone to injury, leading to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and GI bleeding. Because ulcer formation and bleeding are classic gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAID use, the gastrointestinal tract is the most commonly affected system. In dental patients, this is especially relevant since many use NSAIDs for pain, though NSAIDs can also impact kidneys or cardiovascular health in some individuals; the bleeding/ulcer risk, however, points most directly to the GI tract.