List two common adverse effects of NSAIDs relevant to dental patients.

• A. Gastrointestinal upset/ulcers and increased bleeding risk due to platelet inhibition
• B. Liver toxicity and weight gain
• C. Hypertension and tachycardia
• D. Hair loss and dry skin

Answer: (A)

Two common adverse effects of NSAIDs relevant to dental patients are gastrointestinal upset or ulcers and increased bleeding risk due to effects on platelets. NSAIDs inhibit enzymes that make prostaglandins, which protect the stomach lining; this can lead to dyspepsia, gastritis, or even ulcers, especially in older patients or those with a history of GI disease. They also reduce thromboxane A2 production, which impairs platelet aggregation and can prolong bleeding—an important consideration during extractions or other procedures that involve bleeding. In dental practice, this means using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration, taking with food if GI upset occurs, and avoiding NSAIDs in patients with active peptic ulcers or high bleeding risk. Other potential adverse effects like liver toxicity, weight gain, hypertension, tachycardia, or hair loss are less common or not typical for short-term dental use.